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As the chart says, bolts are graded with tensile strength, meaning the load is pulling the length of the bolt. Shear strenght is a different function, which is a load trying to slice across the bolt. Shear calculations require figures for the surrounding structure and materials. Shear strength is generally less than tensile.
Brittleness. The higher the number the more brittle a bolt is. However, the difference in most applications will not cause a problem in most automotive applications.
Use of bolts. Grade 2 is a good grade for most woodworking joints. Grade 5 is a good, all around grade, in automotive applications is the preferred fastener. Grade 8 is usually reserved for high strength applications, with a few places grade 8 are required. The best rule of thumb is to replace a bolt with one of a similar grade.
Stainless steel. If the bolt is an import or is from a hardware store it is should be considered as grade 2. Some US companies are making grade 8 SS bolts. I am not afraid to use the US made bolts, but precautions must be taken to prevent galvanic corrosion and thread galling.
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Fred
There is no such thing as too much cam...just not enough engine. 
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