You can put the throttle to the floor one time and that should set the choke.
The loop at the end of the spring does control the butterfly. There shouldn't be much tension in the spring - as it warms up the spring relaxes, opening the butterfly. Turn the cap just enough to close the butterfly.
Also, if it is backfiring through the carb - it's running lean.
Another thing to check is the float level. There are screws in the side of the float bowls. The fuel level should be at the bottom edge of the hole. Adjust the level by loosening the screw on top of the bowl and turning the hex (5/8" I think). Do this with the engine running.
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