You can pull the bat cable even though you have hei, but this is not a very reliable test, and it can actually fry the diodes in your alt. (not likely, but possible)
If your alt tested good, then we'll take there word for it. They probably wanted to sell you a new one, so I highly doubt they would BS you into NOT buying a new unit.
Your battery is new.
Your cables are new (and assumed to be clean and tight on both ends of both cables)
About the only thing left is the Voltage regulater.
This piece does exactly as the name implys, it regulates the amount of power that goes into your system, including the battery. If gone unregulated, the alt would put out somewhere close to 30 volts,a nd would burn its self out in short order. After a few years (say...30 or so) the contacts inside are most likely rusted and/or corroded to the point of not being able to make the contacts needed, therefor, not letting the current flow through it. This leaves the whole truck to run off the battery alone and kill it since it is not being charged up.
Pretty much any parts house should have this unit on the shelf, and pretty cheap. I have done away with this set up personally, but I did buy one about 4 years ago and it was only about 12 bucks. Go buy one, bolt it in, clean up the ground on the ground wire, and fire up the truck. Turn on the headlights aimed at a wall or something else fairly close. (perferably at night) Turn off the engine with the lights on. If they seem to dim when the engien shuts off, then you know you are charging.
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